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  • Schrøder, Kim Christian
    et al.
    Department of Communication and Arts, Roskilde University, Denmark.
    Blach-Ørsten, Mark
    Department of Communication and Arts, Roskilde University, Denmark.
    Kæmsgaard Eberholst, Mads
    Department of Communication and Arts, Roskilde University, Denmark.
    Nordic media welfare states from a comparative perspective: Unpacking audience fragmentation and polarisation2024In: The Future of the Nordic Media Model: A Digital Media Welfare State? / [ed] P. Jakobsson, J. Lindell, & F. Stiernstedt, Nordicom, University of Gothenburg , 2024, p. 25-54Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In 2014, Trine Syvertsen, Gunn Enli, Ole J. Mjøs, and Hallvard Moe raisedtwo central concerns as to the future of the ideal of the Nordic media welfarestates regarding increasing demographic fragmentation and political polarisation.Using audience data from the Reuters Institute Digital News Report, we offer acomparative longitudinal perspective on how these concerns have played out infour Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) from 2016–2022, compared with the US and the UK. We find that despite some fragmentationaccording to age, fragmentation may not be problematic per se if people’s newsdiets draw substantially on quality journalistic news outlets with a guarantee ofrelatively shared news agendas. A moderate degree of political polarisation existsfor some types of Nordic news media, with public service media showing lesspolarisation than some newspapers and digitally born outlets.

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    Chapter 1. Schrøder et al.
  • Romanova, Randa
    et al.
    Swedish School of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Bergman, Mats
    Swedish School of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Similar media systems, different self-regulation: A closer look at the Nordic media accountability models2024In: The Future of the Nordic Media Model: A Digital Media Welfare State? / [ed] P. Jakobsson, J. Lindell, & F. Stiernstedt, Nordicom, University of Gothenburg , 2024, 1, p. 53-70Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter reviews existing media accountability systems in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, and probes how current self-regulatory practices fit the idea of a homogeneous Nordic media welfare state model. This conception implies that Nordic institutions – including users, companies, regulators, and the state – would react to the emerging changes in the digital environment along largely uniform lines. However, a closer look at the systems of self-regulation in the Nordic countries reveals differences between their respective ethical frameworks, which in turn affect how they face perceived challenges of globalisation, digitalisation, and marketisation. Despite several historical commonalities, the Nordic self-regulatory bodies do not necessarily demonstrate a common developmental pattern in thedigital era. The implications uncovered in this appraisal thus offer insights into comparative research on media systems in general and the Nordic media welfare state in particular.

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    Chapter 2. Romanova & Bergman
  • Sjøvaag, Helle
    et al.
    Department of Media and Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway.
    Ferrer-Conill, Raul
    Department of Media and Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway.
    Digital communication infrastructures and the principle of universality: Challenges for Nordic media welfare state jurisdictions2024In: The Future of the Nordic Media Model: A Digital Media Welfare State? / [ed] P. Jakobsson, J. Lindell, & F. Stiernstedt, Nordicom, University of Gothenburg , 2024, 1, p. 201-222Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter examines to what extent the digital communication infrastructure of Norway is subject to regulation of the Internet’s physical infrastructures. To assess how communicative power is distributed, we map the ownership of access networks and backbone infrastructures to ascertain how the Norwegian infrastructure regulation is legally geared to protect universalist principles in media welfare states. Included in the mapping are backbone networks (fibre cables, Internet exchange points, content delivery networks, and data centres) and access networks (broadband wire and electromagnetic radio frequencies). Our findings reveal that backbone infrastructures are essentially unregulated and increasingly controlled by foreign companies and energy companies. This implies an uneven jurisdictional reach of Norwegian legislators, leaving an open gate for large multinational companies to establish infrastructures that generate, store, and distribute data. The result is a potential loss of data sovereignty and communicative power by Norwegian citizens.

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    Chapter 9. Sjøvaag & Ferrer-Conill
  • Jakobsson, Peter
    et al.
    Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Lindell, Johan
    Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Stiernstedt, Fredrik
    School of Culture and Education, Södertörn University, Sweden.
    Afterword: What’s next for the media welfare state?2024In: The Future of the Nordic Media Model: A Digital Media Welfare State? / [ed] P. Jakobsson, J. Lindell, & F. Stiernstedt, Nordicom, University of Gothenburg , 2024, p. 319-332Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This final chapter summarises some of the findings presented in the preceding chapters and asks what’s next for the media welfare state. Continuing the discussion from previous chapters about the increasingly precarious situation of the media welfare state in a media landscape dominated by global actors and transnational policymaking, but also adding a discussion about the political challenges from right-wing populism, the chapter nevertheless ends with a positive vision for the future of the media welfare state, with a renewed role for the institution of public service media.

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    Afterword. Jakobsson et al.
  • de Jesus, Ana
    et al.
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Melander, Sara
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    From Vision to Practice – Insights from Nordic-Baltic 5G applications across sectors2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report builds on the findings of the Nordic-Baltic 5G Monitoring Tool (N-B 5G MT) project ‘Analytical Report’, which focused on mapping 5G activities in the Nordic-Baltic region and analysing their roll-out status. In this follow-up report, we delve deeper into actual 5G applications across different verticals (i.e. sectors), including healthcare, transportation/mobility, industry and media/broadcasting.

    The Nordic-Baltic region faces knowledge gaps in understanding 5G’s full economic impact, despite its role as both a service and an enabler. While there’s notable activity in sectors like transport, smart cities, and health, most 5G projects are still in the early stages, and the business case for widespread 5G deployment is not yet clear. This report examines how various sectors address these challenges and what can be learned from their experiences in advancing 5G development. 

    The report identifies challenges in each sector, such as funding constraints in healthcare, technical hurdles in transportation, market immaturity in industry, and infrastructure investment needs in media, highlighting the complex landscape of 5G deployment.

    The project’s key findings point to a number of cross-cutting challenges that require comprehensive attention and solutions:

    - Uncertain business cases: There is a need for empirical validation of 5G’s potential and specific benefits to encourage investment and innovation.

    - Financial barriers: Challenges include insufficient early-stage funding and high deployment costs, requiring supportive funding and regulatory frameworks.

    - Technical and infrastructural limitations: Regulatory and financial support are needed for better connectivity in rural areas.

    - Regulatory constraints: Complex requirements around spectrum allocation, licensing, data security, and privacy demand tailored regulatory frameworks and close collaboration between stakeholders.

    - Security, privacy, and ethics: These issues are closely linked to regulatory challenges and include concerns about data protection and management, GDPR compliance and cybersecurity.

    - Acceptability and usability: Efforts to simplify 5G technology for broader adoption and overcome infrastructure development resistance are essential.

    - Collaboration challenges: There is a demand to foster collaborative environments through forums, dialogue sessions, and cross-border partnerships.

    Overall, the report emphasises the need for a systemic approach to addressing these challenges. This includes clarifying the business value of 5G; fostering ecosystems for collaboration; and ensuring that policy and regulatory frameworks support the innovative, equitable deployment of 5G technology. Overcoming these hurdles will require concerted efforts from all stakeholders, including governments, industry and the wider community. Only then will the transformative potential of 5G for society be fully realised.

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  • Jakobsson, Peter
    et al.
    Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Lindell, JohanDepartment of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Sweden.Stiernstedt, FredrikSchool of Culture and Education, Södertörn University, Sweden.
    The Future of the Nordic Media Model: A Digital Media Welfare State?2024Collection (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The media systems of the Nordic countries have for long been characterised by universality, freedom, trust, and cooperation between stakeholders. In comparative media systems research, the Nordic countries have been described as belonging to a single model – the Nordic media welfare state. The future of this model is now more uncertain than ever, as it is under increasing pressure from global tech companies, new digital media infrastructure, and developments in media policy, which all seem to elude domestic regulatory control. These developments raise questions about both the current state and the future of the media welfare state in a digital society – questions that this edited volume seeks to explore through conceptual, theoretical, and empirical analyses.

    The first section of this edited volume analyses the current state of the media model in the Nordic countries and focuses on some of the challenges that the media welfare states are facing. The section provides a comparative analysis of how the media are used and how they are regulated. It also analyses specific challenges such as disinformation and hate speech and the current measures taken to tackle such issues. 

    The second section of this volume addresses conceptual and theoretical issues regarding the concept of the Nordic media welfare state. Through both historical and contemporary case studies, the section extends the concept of media welfare by attending to digital infrastructures, libraries, environmental issues, as well as the integration of the media with other aspects of social welfare. In the final chapter of the book, the editors propose that the digital media welfare state can be expanded and adapted to the digital media landscape using the public service media companies as a platform to connect cultural institutions and citizens.

    This book is of interest to students, researchers, and anyone seeking to understand developments in the media industries and media policy in the Nordic countries. The chapters in this volume are written by experts in their respective fields and provide the reader with both an overview and detailed knowledge about the Nordic media model. The editors – Peter Jakobsson and Johan Lindell at Uppsala University and Fredrik Stiernstedt at Södertörn University – have collaborated in several research projects that connect to the question of the future of the digital media welfare state.

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  • Kjetså, Maria Valkeneer
    Nordic Council of Ministers, The Nordic Genetic Resource Centre (NordGen).
    Ólavsdóttir, Jóna
    Felagið Føroysk Ross.
    Joensen, Maria
    Felagið Føroysk Ross.
    Joensen, Signa Kallsoy
    Felagið Føroysk Ross.
    Honkatukia, Mervi
    Nordic Council of Ministers, The Nordic Genetic Resource Centre (NordGen).
    Peippo, Jaana
    Nordic Council of Ministers, The Nordic Genetic Resource Centre (NordGen).
    White, Ellen-Louisa Fagerheim
    Nordic Council of Ministers, The Nordic Genetic Resource Centre (NordGen).
    Action Plan for the Conservation of the Faroese Horse2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Horses were brought to the Faroe Islands by Norse settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries. Over the centuries, the geographical remoteness in the North Atlantic Ocean forced these horses to adapt to their surroundings. Only the horses that could withstand the weather survived, and the Faroe Islands became home to a horse breed that was small, strong, hardy, and agile. The small horses were used by farmers for agricultural purposes and occasionally for transport between villages. Most of them roamed the mountains all year and no targeted breeding took place. The oldest record available of horses on the Faroe Islands is from 1857, which counted 844 horses with 396 mares, and 476 foals and stallions.

    Exportation of the horses to coal mines in Britain combined with modernization of the agriculture on the Faroe Islands, resulted in a breed that nearly went extinct. By the 1960s, there were less than ten horses of the breed left alive. A rescue operation was initiated, and suitable horses for breeding were used, however many of them were already related. All Faroese horses alive today, are descendants of only four individual horses.

    In 1978, the Faroese Horse Association (Felagið Føroysk Ross) was established to conserve the Faroese indigenous horse breed and they have kept a studbook ever since. In 2018, the online pedigree registration system Føroya Fongur was created, in which online access is provided to the studbook with extensive information about the Faroese horse breed.

    By the end of 2023 there were 82 living Faroese horses. The breed can thank their survival to the hard work and dedication from individual horse owners and enthusiast through the years, and through the work of the Faroese Horse Association. You could say that the conservation of the Faroese horse this far is a success story as the breed has managed to survive and increase in numbers over the years. However, there are still several big challenges and threats facing this small and hardy breed. There is a critical need to act today to secure that the breed will be around for future generations as well. The Faroese horse is, after all, a living and breathing part of the Faroese cultural heritage.

    All Nordic countries, including the Faroe Islands, have adopted The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources (GPA) established by FAO in 2007. This framework obligates all parties to contribute to the conservation, sustainable use and development of animal genetic resources. One of the main areas of concern expressed in the GPA, is that there is too little research and information about many of the native farm animal breeds. Increased characterization, involving phenotypic, genetic, and historical information on breeds is needed (FAO, 2007).

    The purpose of the Action Plan for the Conservation of the Faroese Horse is to highlight concrete actions and measures that need be implemented to conserve the horse breed for the future.

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  • Nordiska gränsutbyten och mobilitet inom kulturområdet2024Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport sammanställer en analys av Norden som en integrerad kulturregion. Studien baseras på en beskrivning av gränssamarbeten och mobilitet mellan länderna. Fokus läggs på gränsöverskridande arbetspendling i allmänhet och nordisk arbetsmarknad för kulturskapare i synnerhet. Covid-19-pandemin hade en negativ påverkan på gränsutbyten men resultatet visar på en återhämtning. För kultursektorn finns säsongsskillnader där vissa kvartal innebär en mer frekvent pendling, totalsiffrorna är dock blygsamma om man ser till arbetspendling som helhet. Studien visar att Öresundsregionen utmärker sig som en mer integrerad arbetsmarknad, men tillgången till ytterligare pendlingsdata för kulturskapare skulle kunna påverka helhetsbilden. Rapporten innehåller även en analys av handel med kulturella varor och tjänster mellan de nordiska länderna. Under den senaste tioårsperioden har ett skifte skett där handel med kulturella tjänster gått om handel med kulturella varor. 

     Rapporten är framtagen av Kulturanalys Norden. Kulturanalys Norden är ett nordiskt kunskapscentrum för kulturpolitik som etablerats på uppdrag av Nordiska ministerrådet.

     Rapporten är skriven på svenska med en sammanfattning på engelska.

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  • Stjernberg, Mats
    et al.
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Vasilevskaya, Anna
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Penje, Oskar
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Towards a grid-based Nordic territorial typology: A new tool for analysis across the urban-rural continuum2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report presents the grid-based Nordic urban–rural typology, which was developed as a new analytical tool for studying different types of spatial phenomena across Nordic territories. In this study this meant developing a typology that classifies all Nordic territories into seven different typology classes based on different degrees of urbanity and rurality. A key starting point for this work was the need for a territorial typology that would help enrich and provide new understanding of different types of urban and rural areas across the Nordic countries and shed light on how they are developing.This report first presents how the typology was created, including the rationale behind the typology, key considerations at different stages of the work, and the main operational steps taken. The main purpose was to create a new territorial typology, to which different types of data could be combined, thus helping to provide a more nuanced and fine-grained understanding of territorial differences across the Nordic countries. Several key principles were specified early in the work. These include that the typology should be created at grid-level (1 x 1 km) as this allows identifying the characteristics of different types of areas at a very detailed territorial level. Another key decision was to create the typology mainly using open-source data and following a replicable method, to make any possible future updates to the typology easier and less costly. For the development of the Nordic typology, the Finnish grid-based urban–rural classification (Kaupunki-maaseutuluokitus) was the main source of inspiration.This Nordic typology and population data at grid level (linked to the typology) is then used as an analytical lens for studying territorial differences, settlement pattens and demographic change dynamics in the five Nordic countries. According to the typology, the Nordic countries are predominantly rural when considering how their land areas are classified. However, an examination of settlement patterns according to the Nordic typology shows that the settlements are rather unevenly distributed in all the Nordic countries, and the majority of the population live relatively concentrated in areas that are classified as urban. In general, the population is largely concentrated in coastal areas and along waterways, where the major urban regions are found, reflecting historical patterns and features of physical geography. The Nordic typology is also used to examine what types of population change dynamics occurred in the Nordic countries during the period 2008–2022. The analysis shows that urbanisation has been a general trend during the past couple of decades, with the largest population growth occurring in the typology classes inner urban and outer urban. A relatively noticeable increase in population is also evident in peri-urban areas, suggesting suburbanisation and that intermediate areas located on the urban fringes have increasingly attracted new residents. In rural areas, the general trend shows that depopulation has occurred in many rural localities, but different types of rural areas have developed quite differently. Based on the analysis, rural areas that are in the vicinity of cities and towns appear to have become more attractive places for people to settle, while sparsely populated rural areas seem to be less favourably placed and have generally witnessed population decrease. This report shows how this typology and more fine-grained data can help reveal territorial differences that cannot be observed with more general statistics and data. The grid-based Nordic typology shows that many municipalities are at the same time both urban, intermediate, and rural, and in many cases these different categories seem to be undergoing quite different types of development. While the Nordic urban–rural typology is used in this study to examine settlement patterns and population change dynamics, it should be stressed that the typology is also well-suited to be used in combination with other types of data and as an analytical framework for studying also other types of spatial phenomena across the urban–rural continuum. 

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  • Lidmo, Johannes
    et al.
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Brynteson, Maja
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Bogason, Ágúst
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    National Support Initiatives in Nordic Spatial Planning2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Nordic countries share many cross-sectoral targets at the national level to meet ambitious environmental, social, sustainable and innovative development goals and standards. When it comes to spatial planning, central governments in the Nordic countries often have limited power to influence local-level priorities, particularly with respect to regulating land use and adopting a range of policies that impact sustainable urban development. In parallel, various new planning approaches, as well as a range of nationwide support mechanisms have emerged in the Nordic countries, often with the aim of supporting and steering municipalities’ efforts to achieve sustainable urban development. Our report aims to better understand such initiatives and how they are connected to spatial planning efforts in Nordic municipalities by examining one national support initiative in each Nordic country, illustrated with learnings from municipal case studies. We examined FutureBuilt in Norway, the Partnership for Vibrant City Centres in Denmark, the Borgarlína project in Iceland, the Sustainable City programme in Finland and Visions: in the North in Sweden.

    As shown by the findings from our case studies, different perspectives on external governance – such as state intervention versus municipal self-governance in Nordic countries – highlight challenges in influencing local urban development due to limited state mandates. National support initiatives emerge as an alternative means to guide local development. They may serve to foster collaboration and inclusivity, particularly when inspiring local, strategic spatial planning, as seen in the Swedish case study. National support initiatives are viewed as complementary tools to spatial planning that support sustainable urban development processes and projects. Though they take various forms, their purpose and impact should be understood within the overall context. Collaboration and lessons learned from national support initiatives have the potential to enhance legislation or state intervention. 

    However, an imbalance in municipalities’ access to support poses a challenge in each Nordic country. It is therefore crucial to assess the appropriateness and purpose of support, recognising that municipal pathways are influenced by the way in which support is designed. Striking a balance with respect to state-municipal governance is essential. In short, we can draw the following recommendations:

    • A partnership-based approach with collaboration between various stakeholders enhances inclusivity. New ways of working that are agile and flexible and focus on the local context should be emphasised for effective outcomes.
    • The importance of long-term commitments and policy coherence in the field of sustainable urban development should be emphasised at both national and municipal levels. Efforts should be made to ensure continuity in sustainable urban development initiatives beyond the duration of the given programme.
    • A more formal and institutionalised way of obtaining government funding for sustainable urban development projects at the local level should be developed in some countries. That could level the playing field for municipalities with varying resources, knowledge and lobbying capabilities. In other countries, capacity building – including training and resources – can be provided to help municipalities navigate support options and apply for them. It is beneficial to create platforms providing information about support for sustainable urban development and to make municipalities aware of upcoming calls well in advance.
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  • Around the Nordic Region in 80 points: Info Norden annual report 20232024Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    In 80 points, Info Norden's annual report provides an overview of the information service's work with mobility and border obstacles in the Nordic region in 2023. The report provides insight into how Info Norden informs Nordic citizens about their opportunities and rights. It also contains an overview of typical problems encountered by the users of the information service. 

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  • Norden rundt i 80 punkter: Info Nordens årsrapport 20232024Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [da]

    Info Nordens årsrapport giver i 80 punkter et overblik over informationstjenestens arbejde med mobilitet og grænsehindringer i 2023. Rapporten giver indblik i, hvordan Info Norden informerer Nordens borgere om deres muligheder og rettigheder. Den indeholder også en oversigt over typiske problemstillinger, som brugerne møder. I rapporten findes bilag med statistik for webbesøg og henvendelser til Info Norden.

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  • Gråd, Erik
    et al.
    Lindhjem, Henrik
    Bredahl Jacobsen, Jette
    Eriksson, Alexander
    Åström, Stefan
    Karttinen, Erika
    Baumert, Niels
    Fromberg, Christian
    Policy measures to compensate for increasing costs of energy: Impacts on equity, climate, and the environment2024Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Nordic region's climate change goals are challenged by significant energy price hikes from 2021 to 2023. Nordic governments implemented various price compensation measures, but their impact on social-, climate-, and environmental goals remains uncertain. The impact evaluation presented in this report highlights that the Nordic measures were characterised by diverse designs, rapid yet problematic implementation, and limited redistribution to low-income households. Several measures discouraged effective resource allocation and emission reduction. To reduce the risk of conflict between compensation measures and climate change policy it is important that measures are understood as temporary. Measures that utilise flat rate or regressive patterns for transfer of funds, and that decouple funds from current consumption, should have been more effective that most of the measures utilised.

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  • Jungsberg, Leneisja
    et al.
    Berlina, Anna
    Ormstrup Vestergård, Louise
    Guðmundsdóttir, Hjördis
    Ueland, Øydis
    Policy tools for sustainable and healthy eating: Enabling a food transition in the Nordic countries2024Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    This report addresses the gap between current Nordic diets and the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023, emphasising the urgency for policy interventions to drive substantial behavioural shifts towards healthier and more sustainable diets. It introduces a Nordic behaviour change framework that describes determinants influencing the individual’s dietary behaviour and the enabling role of policy instruments in incentivising behavioural changes. The report advocates for a multifaceted policy approach, including taxes, subsidies, public procurement, information campaigns, educational initiatives, nudging instruments and labeling to encourage a shift in dietary behaviour. These efforts are consolidated into five key recommendations.

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  • Berlina, Anna
    et al.
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Vuithier, Alix
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Svensk-norskt samarbete: viktiga utmaningar och framtida möjligheter2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport, beställd av Region Värmland, analyserar gränshinder inom den statliga regionalpolitiken mellan Sverige och Norge, med målet att belysa integrationen av gränsperspektivet och diskutera utmaningar samt möjligheter för gränsöverskridande samarbete.

    Gränsen mellan Sverige och Norge beskrivs som “mjuk” med omfattande flöden, där historien av samarbete erbjuder betydande potential. Starka sociala band och ‘den mjuka gränsen’ främjar arbetskraftens rörlighet och affärssamarbeten, vilket bidrar till ökad konkurrenskraft och större marknader. Rapporten identifierar även gränshinder som påverkar individer, pendlare, och företag i gränsområdet. Den betonar vikten av dialog och samverkan för att ta tillvara möjligheter och hitta lösningar på gemensamma utmaningar. Rapporten framhåller att den regionala politiken i båda länderna ger regionerna ansvar för utveckling, men pekar på skillnader i hur gränsöverskridande aspekter hanteras. Den understryker vikten av gränsöverskridande samarbete för att skapa en integrerad arbetsmarknad och främja ekonomisk utveckling, trots att dessa aspekter har fått minskad uppmärksamhet i de nuvarande nationella strategierna. Rapporten uppmanar till en ökad inriktning på gränsöverskridande samarbete och bättre utnyttjande av regionernas potential för att överbrygga gränshinder och främja en hållbar utveckling i gränsregionerna.

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  • Egeli, Nina
    Systemic innovation compass2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Systematic Innovation is a framework and a repository of ideas where future Smart Connectivity and data sharing projects in mobility can be rooted. Moreover, this report: 

    - is an introduction to systemic innovation

    - shows the possibility of addressing mobility and logistics and a systemic way

    - presents a way forward for establishing a systemic mindset and systemic innovation

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  • Krause, Maren
    et al.
    Stoesser,, Julian
    de Carvalho, Aline Reis
    Hanozin, Emeline
    Jacobs, Griet
    Voorspoels, Stefan
    Polcher, Alexandra
    Analysis of needs for enforcement of PFAS in articles and chemical products2024Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of substances that have been widely used for decades due to their surface-active properties. However, their characteristic resistance to degradation in combination with other properties of concern for human health and the environment has resulted in regulatory actions such as restrictions towards this group of substances, in the EU and globally. Compliance with restrictions as well as enforcement by authorities is key to reduce intentional use of restricted PFAS in articles and chemical products. To analyse PFAS accurately, robust and reliable analytical methods are required. This report evaluates the current situation related to PFAS-analyses and enforcement (including challenges and needs) and propose measures/strategies to enable and/or improve enforcement of, and compliance with current and future, PFAS restrictions.

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  • Cavicchia, Rebecca
    et al.
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Tybjerg, Jonas Kačkus
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Salonen, Hilma
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Brynteson, Maja
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Wendt-Lucas, Nicola
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Gísladóttir, Sæunn
    University of Akureyri Research Centre.
    Jóhannesson, Hjalti
    University of Akureyri Research Centre.
    Ten-year Regional Outlook: Future Perspectives for Electric Aviation in the Nordic Region2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Electric aviation has gained momentum in the Nordic region in recent years. Given its unique geographical features and strong commitment to climate-neutral transport, the Nordic region represents an ideal testing ground for electric aviation. In five to ten years from now, electric aviation has the potential to become reality, so it is crucial to explore which factors may affect its implementation and how regional development may be impacted.

    The “Electric Aviation and the Effects on the Nordic Region” project presents a ten-year future scenario for electric aviation in the Nordic region. In this report, we explore future scenarios for five selected Nordic routes and identify the key driving forces behind that transformative shift, as well as the positive and negative impacts of electric aviation. The scenarios were developed through focus group discussions conducted with key stakeholders from each of the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden).

    The main findings of the study show that electric aviation is generally perceived positively in the various Nordic countries. However, there are also certain contextual differences relating to whether electric aviation is viewed as a pathway to achieving climate targets and removing emissions, stimulating regional development and accessibility of remote areas, or as a new travel option compared to conventional flights.

    Even though the general attitude towards electric aviation seems to be positive, scepticism and questions regarding the social acceptance of the new technology emerged, as well as the uncertainty around who will be the investors to kick-off the new technology. Furthermore, the future scenarios suggest that a high level of support from local and national governing bodies is required in order to make electric aviation a viable air transport mode in the Nordic region.

    The insights of this report are intended both to inform decision-makers and to provide nuanced observations from each Nordic country and explore future pathways towards a sustainable and more integrated Nordic region in line with the 2030 vision of the Nordic Council of Ministers.

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  • Energy poverty in the Nordic countries2024Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Nordic region has a vision to become the most sustainable and integrated region in the world. Secure, affordable and clean energy is fundamental to realising this. Yet, in view of recent unprecedented energy prices and geopolitical risk, the concept of energy poverty has gained a great deal of attention. The Nordic countries have offered varying levels of support to households most affected by the high electricity prices. This report critically examines energy poverty in the Nordics, offering insights into challenges related to energy access and recommending strategies for improvement. In the Nordics it is important to address and reduce energy poverty to make the green transition more inclusive and socially sustainable. 

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  • Verkefna- og fjárhagsáætlun 2024 – Samantekt2024Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [is]

    Fjárhagsáætlun Norrænu ráðherranefndarinnar er mikilvægt stjórn- og forgangsröðunartæki til að ná markmiði framtíðarsýnarinnar um að Norðurlöndin eigi að vera sjálfbærasta og samþættasta svæði heims. Fjárhagsáætlun ársins 2024 er sú fjórða og síðasta á gildistíma framkvæmdaáætlunarinnar en markmiðið með henni er að  ná framtíðarsýninni innan lauslegra fjárhagsramma til fjögurra ára sem gilda til ársins 2024. Rammar til margra ára eru forsenda þess að hægt sé að skipuleggja starfið til lengri tíma í senn og ná hinum tólf markmiðum framkvæmdaáætlunarinnar.

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  • Toimintasuunnitelma ja budjetti 2024 – Tiivistelmä2024Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [fi]

    Pohjoismaiden ministerineuvoston budjetti on tärkeä ohjaus- ja priorisointiväline vision tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi, joiden mukaan Pohjolasta tulee maailman kestävin ja integroitunein alue. Vuoden 2024 budjetti koskee neljättä ja viimeistä vuotta toimintasuunnitelmassa, jonka tavoitteena on vision toteuttaminen ja vuoteen 2024 päättyvän nelivuotiskauden suuntaa antavien taloudellisten kehysten täyttäminen. Monivuotiset kehykset ovat edellytys työn pitkäjänteiselle suunnittelulle ja toimintasuunnitelman 12 tavoitteen täyttämiselle.

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  • Planer og budget 2024 – Sammenfatning2024Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [da]

    Nordisk Ministerråds budget er et vigtigt styrings- og prioriteringsværktøj til at nå visionens mål om, at Norden skal være verdens mest bæredygtige og integrerede region. Budget 2024 udgør det fjerde og sidste år i handlingsplanen, der har som mål at indfri visionen og opfylde de fireårige, indikative økonomiske rammer. De flerårige rammer er en forudsætning for at kunne planlægge arbejdet mere langsigtet og opfylde de 12 mål i handlingsplanen.

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  • Åsmund, Asdal
    Nordic Council of Ministers, The Nordic Genetic Resource Centre (NordGen). NordGen.
    Seed Longevity and Survival of Seed Borne Diseases After 35 Years Conservation in Permafrost: – Report From the 100 Year Storage Experiment2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Nordic Gene Bank (predecessor to today's plant section of The Nordic Genetic Resource Center, NordGen) established the 100 year seed storage experiment in Coal mine no. 3 outside Longyearbyen, Svalbard, in 1986. The experiment was established with the aim to monitor the longevity of seeds in this Nordic back-up seed collection that were deposited in the coal mine from 1984 and to gain general knowledge about the longevity of seed stored under permafrost conditions, as well as studying the survival of seed borne plant pathogens.

    Seed samples have regularly been withdrawn for analysis according to a fixed withdrawal and analyze plan, that will continue until the last samples are analyzed in 2086.

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  • Giacometti, Alberto
    et al.
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Wøien Meijer, Mari
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Salonen, Hilma
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordregio.
    Who drives green innovation in the Nordic Region?: A change agency and systems perspective2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In addressing the critical challenge of systemic sustainability, this report explores the need for more than a one-size-fits-all approach in the Nordic Region. It investigates the role of change agency processes and the impact of policies and framework conditions on green transition changes in business sectors. Our two case studies reveal some of the bottlenecks and drivers of innovation and explore them from a systemic perspective and in different geographic scales, both from a place-based and place-less perspective.

    The methodology adopted in the report is comprehensive, including a deep dive into the evolution of innovation theory and policy, following by an in-depth analysis of green innovation in two sectoral developments, including multi-storey wood construction and the so-called ‘protein shift’. It examines the roles of different stakeholders, including governments, businesses, and communities, in fostering an environment conducive to systemic change. The report relies on the academic and policy evolution of innovation theory and practice, identifying, what is argued to be, an emerging generation of innovation policies focused not only on economic but also on societal and environmental goals, which has generated a heated debate. To add nuance to this debate, our report utilised sector-based case studies relying on expert interviews to shed light on the roles of different agents in producing, not only technological but systems innovation. Against the background of systems innovations theory, this study provides some insights into the relevance of place, and proximity – not just geographic, but cognitive, institutional, organisational and social proximity.  regional innovation landscape.

    Key findings reveal that systemic green innovations in the Nordic region happen as a result of the sum of multiple actors intentionally and unintentionally driving change in place-based and place-less settings. Several obstacles hinder setting a clear direction to innovation and path creation as these barriers are deeply entrenched in governance complexities, social institutions, and place-based industrial and structural path dependencies. Disrupting technological and systems ‘lock-ins’, is therefore, not the role of single agents but the result of multiple ones acting on a place-based or technology-based setting, and requires enhanced policy frameworks, and entrepreneurial public institutions moving beyond setting the ‘rules-of-the-game’ to actively orchestrating action, mobilising stakeholders and facilitating co-operation. 

    The report emphasizes the significance of knowledge exchange and the creation of trust-based networks to accelerate the adoption of green innovations. It concludes by demonstrating that different green innovations develop under very different conditions and processes.

     

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  • Balouktsi, Maria
    et al.
    Francart, Nicolas
    Kanafani, Kai
    Hoxha, Endrit (Contributor)
    Ryberg, Morten (Contributor)
    Collin, Christine (Contributor)
    Hostrup Langkjær, Nicolaj (Contributor)
    Joelsson, Anna (Contributor)
    Sjöberg, Inga (Contributor)
    Oviir, Anni (Contributor)
    Kjeld, Alexandra (Contributor)
    Sjöstrand, Karin (Contributor)
    Segura, Isabel (Contributor)
    Kangas, Satu (Contributor)
    Nöjd, Kari (Contributor)
    Harmonised Carbon Limit Values for Buildings in Nordic Countries: Analysis of the Different Regulatory Needs2024Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    By 2025, the aim for all Nordic countries is to have mandatory life cycle GHG disclosures for buildings in place, leading up to the EPBD GHG disclosure introduced in 2028 and 2030. Denmark introduced a carbon limit in 2023 for large buildings, with Sweden and Finland planning to follow by 2025. Strategies vary, with Sweden and Norway starting with mandatory declarations in 2022 and Denmark introducing a limit value from the beginning alongside the climate declaration. Harmonizing methods for fair competition and stimulating low-carbon solutions is essential. Uniform reference areas and a minimum scope covering upfront carbon emissions are recommended for consistent assessments, alongside agreed definitions of biogenic carbon and compatible database structures for the national generic emission factors and building model classifications.

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  • Young Håkansson, Susanna
    Economic vulnerability in different stages of life: Nordic knowledge base with key messages and a focus on gender equality2024Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Despite well-developed welfare systems in the Nordic countries, poverty is a growing problem. More Nordic citizens face economic vulnerability today than ten years ago, and in several of the Nordic countries the gap between rich and poor has increased. The growing number of children living in poverty is particularly serious, as is the fact that many pensioners, especially women, are living in economic hardship. It is therefore necessary to consider all stages of life in order to more effectively tackle poverty. This knowledge base describes economic vulnerability through all phases of life and shows the conditions of different groups. It also addresses economic violence in different forms, the consequences for victims and the need for support structures The report has been produced by Nordic Information on Gender (NIKK) a co-operative body under the Nordic Council of Ministers.

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  • Young Håkansson, Susanna
    Ekonomisk utsatthet i alla  åldrar: Ett nordiskt kunskapsunderlag med nyckelbudskap och fokus på jämställdhet2024Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Trots väl utbyggda välfärdssystem i Norden så är fattigdom ett växande problem. Fler nordbor lever idag i ekonomiskutsatthet, jämfört med tio år sedan, och i flera av de nordiska länderna har klyftorna mellan fattiga och rika ökat. Att ett växande antal barn lever i fattigdom är särskilt allvarligt, liksom att många pensionärer, särskilt kvinnor, lever i ekonomisk utsatthet. Det krävs därför att människors hela livslopp beaktas, från barndom, genom livet som ungdom och vuxen till ålderdomens pension, för att fattigdom kraftfullt ska kunna bekämpas. 

     Detta kunskapsunderlag belyser ekonomisk utsatthet genom livets alla faser och visar på olika gruppers villkor. Det tar också upp ekonomiskt våld i olika former, konsekvenser för de utsatta och behov av stödstrukturer. Underlaget är framtaget av Nordisk information för kunskap om kön, NIKK, ett samarbetsorgan under Nordiska ministerrådet.

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  • Andersson, Manne
    et al.
    Hernandez, Minna Maria
    Mykkänen, Juha
    Supporting the healthcare professionals' work and data quality through e-Health standards2024Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The main background for this guideline is the Nordic e-Health Standardization group’s mandate topic which deals with contributing and communicating the initiative of “Reducing clinician burden” (RCB) - initiative. It has become increasingly important to ascertain how one might support healthcare professionals’ daily work and how to facilitate better data quality using e-Health standards. The Nordic work group has formulated some principles and recommendations all stakeholders involved in standardization work should follow. They are intended to apply to improving data quality, to support daily work and to contribute to reducing the overall burden of clinical work to healthcare professionals.

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  • Henriksson, Lena
    Innovation in the Nordics: 1973-20232023Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    For 50 years, Nordic Innovation has connected innovative minds from the business sector, academia and politics with the power of Nordic cooperation. Since 1973, Nordic Innovation has supported thousands of innovation projects and worked systematically on networking and collaboration across the countries. 

    This book celebrates and era of Nordic cooperation and innovative power by highlighting what Nordic Innovation has achieved as an organisation. It is a testimony to our past and provides a glimpse into a future powered by Nordic Innovation.   

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  • Lena, Henriksson
    Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordic Innovation.
    Nordic Innovation Annual Report 2023: 50 years and onward2023Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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    Nordic Innovation Annual Report 2023