This is a report from a workshop on the role of local communities and indigenous peoples in the follow-up of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in environment and in development policy and practice. The event formed part of the 26th Annual Conference of the International Association of Impact Assessment in Stavanger, Norway, 23 - 25 May 2006. The workshop gathered a wide range of expertise including indigenous peoples, people with hands-on and research experience from community based natural resource management, representatives of the International Institute for Environment and Development, The World Conservation Union, World Resources Institute, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Development Programme, and the World Bank. The workshop formed part of the Nordic Council of Ministers' efforts to make sure that the knowledge generated, and the policy recommendations made by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment are acknowledged in relevant international fora, including the multilateral environmental agreements, and the Millennium Development Goals. This report summarises some of the experiences and necessary conditions for community conservation to contribute to these global targets.