This study is the third in the series. The subject, Nordic urban research, is one that is increasing in importance. In 2007, for the first time in history, half of the world’s population live, work, consume and pollute in cities. In the European Union, 80% of all citizens already live in urban areas. Consequently, many of the challenges we currently face, such as ensuring continued economic development, sustainable energy, public health and environmental quality are in part urban-based. In commissioning this study, NordForsk wished to explore the potential of Nordic research cooperation in the field of urban research as one means of meeting these chalenges.