Past studies have identified a weak business case for 5G in the Nordic-Baltic region, often attributing this to the persistent challenges of the urban-rural digital divide and the region’s relatively low population density. Gaining a deeper understanding of the on-the-ground effects of enhanced digital connectivity, particularly 5G, on local businesses and overall quality of life can yield valuable insights and incentives. These insights in turn can facilitate a more inclusive rollout of emerging digital solutions, aligned with local needs.

The present literature review has identified both the most prevalent and the currently understudied indicators in this context. The review identified a set of indicators aimed at addressing remaining gaps in the scholarly and policy debate on the best practices and lessons learned from smart rural communities in the Nordic-Baltic region.